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Nuclear Cooperation Memoranda of Understanding (NCMOU) with the United States

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This infographic illustrates the timeline of Nuclear Cooperation Memoranda of Understanding (NCMOUs) signed between the United States and various countries. It highlights key partnerships, beginning with the UAE and in 2008 and extending to the most recent agreements in 2025 with Singapore and El Salvador. Each year in the infographic represents when a specific country formalized this agreement with the U.S. NCMOUs are used by the U.S. to establish a bilateral foundation for civil nuclear energy engagement with other countries. The NCMOUs are not a substitute for legally binding 123 nuclear cooperation agreements but are step toward that agreement as they allow the U.S. and partner countries to explore collaboration on civil nuclear energy.

Jocelyn Livier, Della Ratta Fellow, Partnership for Global Security

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