During the past decade, the international community and the Nuclear Security Summit process have given high priority to strengthening nuclear security world-wide. International peer reviews of national nuclear security regimes and of physical protection of nuclear and other radioactive materials has been identified as of key value for continuous improvement of nuclear security. The IAEA offers a number of advisory services, peer reviews, for various purposes. The International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) is the prevailing peer review service for nuclear security implementation, in parallel with other, more specified services. IPPAS has evolved through the past ten years into a broadly accepted service, available for all states. However, general and recurring periodic application of IPPAS will require a significant strengthening and increased capacity of the system to enable general and periodic and systematic implementation.
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