AI’s Energy Challenge: Big Tech Is Betting on Nuclear

To meet the rapidly rising energy demands required for AI to process massive volumes of data, tech companies are increasingly turning to nuclear power due to its sustainability, efficiency, and reliability. Their investments take several forms: restarting existing nuclear plants, funding the development of new reactors, and backing next-generation technologies that are not yet commercially proven, including small modular reactors (SMRs) and experimental fusion systems. Many of these nuclear projects are being developed alongside the data centers they are intended to support. The long-term success of these initiatives will depend on whether the industry can generate enough momentum to make these projects commercially viable.

Recent reported investments represented in the infographic above include:

●     Microsoft and Constellation Energy agreed to restart Three Mile Island Unit 1, an 835-megawatt reactor.

●     Meta plans to purchase 1.1 gigawatts of power from Constellation’s Clinton Clean Energy Center in Illinois beginning in June 2027.

●     Google and NextEra have agreed to revive the 615 MW Duane Arnold nuclear plant in Iowa, and Google has partnered with Kairos PowerElementl, and Commonwealth Fusion Systems.

●     Amazon and X-energy are partnering on a 4 unit 320-megawatt SMR project with Energy Northwest in central Washington.

●     Google and Kairos are investing in the 50 MW Hermes 2 Plant under development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee with the goal of ultimately deploying 500 MW of power.

●     OpenAI and Oklo are collaborating to build an Aurora microreactor at the Idaho National Laboratory in Idaho Falls.

●     NVIDIA and TerraPower are developing the first Natrium reactor plant in Wyoming, featuring a 345-MWe sodium-cooled fast reactor using HALEU fuel.

●     Helion has begun construction on a nuclear fusion plant designed to supply power to Microsoft by 2028.

●     Oracle intends to invest in three small modular reactors to power a data center, with the final site location yet to be announced.

Gabriela Zanko, Della Ratta Fellow, Partnership for Global Security

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